鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)類(lei):鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)許多(duo)疾病(bing)的儲存宿主;鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)疫又是(shi)老(lao)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)傳播疾病(bing)中(zhong)危害最重的一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)流行病(bing)。老(lao)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的危害還表(biao)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)盜食(shi)糧(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、啃咬禾(he)苗(miao)、糟蹋電線、電纜(lan),毀壞建筑物(wu)以及家(jia)具、衣物(wu)、書籍等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng);因此(ci)自古以來,老(lao)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)一直是(shi)人(ren)們深惡痛(tong)絕,人(ren)見(jian)人(ren)打的仇(chou)敵。老(lao)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)繁多(duo),我國已發(fa)現(xian)(xian)約(yue)有(you)(you)150余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)危害較重的有(you)(you)十多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),如(ru)褐(he)家(jia)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、黃(huang)胸鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、小家(jia)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、大倉鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、東方(fang)田鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、黃(huang)毛鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、長爪沙(sha)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、達(da)烏爾黃(huang)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng),它們的生(sheng)活習(xi)性因鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不同而有(you)(you)差(cha)異。捕(bu)殺老(lao)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)要(yao)根據它們的生(sheng)活習(xi)性,采(cai)用(yong)物(wu)理捕(bu)殺(如(ru)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)夾,鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)籠,扣鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),粘鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),挖洞等(deng)(deng)(deng))和藥物(wu)毒殺的方(fang)法,其中(zhong)藥物(wu)毒殺又是(shi)最有(you)(you)效的常用(yong)方(fang)法,滅鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)藥物(wu)現(xian)(xian)已發(fa)展到安全,環保為主要(yao)特點(dian)的理想階段。
蒼(cang)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying):蒼(cang)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)騷擾人畜,惡化環境、傳(chuan)播多種疾病,某(mou)些蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)類(lei)還能(neng)刺吸(xi)人畜致患(huan)咀癥,危(wei)害及大。蒼(cang)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)的品種已知有(you)500余種,發育過程有(you)卵(luan)、幼蟲、蛹(yong)、成蟲、四個時(shi)期。當氣溫適宜時(shi)繁(fan)殖(zhi)很快,每年可完成7-8代,南(nan)方溫暖地區則每年可完成10-12代。蒼(cang)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)喜歡有(you)腥(xing)味(wei)和臭味(wei)的東西,搞好環境衛生(sheng),消(xiao)除(chu)蒼(cang)蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)孽(nie)生(sheng)繁(fan)殖(zhi)條件,同(tong)時(shi)配合化學藥(yao)物(wu)和物(wu)理器械的施用(yong),無疑是滅蠅(ying)(ying)(ying)成效的關鍵。
蚊子:蚊子種類繁(fan)多,全世界(jie)(jie)已(yi)知3000多種,我國也有300余種,其(qi)中與傳播疾病有關的主(zhu)要有按蚊、庫蚊和伊(yi)蚊三屬。蚊子的特(te)點是品種多、數額大、分布廣、繁(fan)殖快,同時蚊蟲的生長發(fa)育與外界(jie)(jie)氣溫及環境因(yin)素有著密切的關系。因(yin)此,蚊蟲滅殺要采用控制消除孽生條件與藥(yao)物(wu)并舉的方法。